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Microscopic Features: Spores 9-11 x 6-8; more or less elliptical, sometimes with a truncated end; usually appearing roughened even at lower magnifications. This mushroom is closely related to Ganoderma lucidum and is virtually indistinguishable from that species. However, Ganoderma tsugae is partial to conifers--especially hemlock. Flesh: Whitish; fairly soft when young, but soon tough. Ganoderma tsugae, also known as Hemlock varnish shelf, is a flat polypore mushroom of the genus Ganoderma.

Pore Surface: White, becoming dingy brownish in age; usually bruising brown; 4-6 tiny (nearly invisible to the naked eye) circular pores per mm; tubes to 2 cm deep. The single study conducted on Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract to treat an autoimmune disease, conducted in 2001, concluded that it "improved the survival rate of lupus."

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Ganoderma lucidum is found on hardwood stumps and logs (very rarely on conifers), and has brownish flesh. Ganoderma oregonense is a conifer lover of the Pacific Northwest and New Mexico; it has larger spores and a much larger fruiting body (up to one meter across!). Commercially cultivated in Taiwan and exported to mainland China as a medicinal mushroom, Hemlock Reishi has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases, particularly asthma and autoimmune conditions.

Polyporus tsugae is a former name. Ecology: Saprobic on decaying conifer logs and stumps (especially hemlock wood); growing alone or in groups; annual; producing "a soft wet whitish or straw-colored cellulose-destroying decay of the wood" when young, and later a "network of cracks filled with white mycelium" with "numerous black dots throughout the wood" widely distributed in North America. One of the most novel uses of Hemlock Varnish Shelf is as a skin substitute during wound healing. The skin substitute material, commercially sold as Sacchachitin, has been proven in numerous studies to promote and speed up skin healing. It has been observed that "rapid wound healing" takes place when covered by Sacchachitin as compared to regular gauze. It also appears quite clear that Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract contains an abundance of antioxidants. A study from 1999 found Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract to possess "the strongest antioxidant activity of five species of Ganoderma tested," stronger than Vitamin E.