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Spore Print: Brown. As with the Common Reishi, Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract appears to be immunomodulatory - meaning that it will adjust the immune system up or down depending on what is needed. It helps strengthen a weak immune system, but will calm an over-active immune system in cases of inflammation or autoimmune conditions. Ecology: Saprobic on decaying conifer logs and stumps (especially hemlock wood); growing alone or in groups; annual; producing "a soft wet whitish or straw-colored cellulose-destroying decay of the wood" when young, and later a "network of cracks filled with white mycelium" with "numerous black dots throughout the wood" widely distributed in North America. Ganoderma lucidum is found on hardwood stumps and logs (very rarely on conifers), and has brownish flesh. Ganoderma oregonense is a conifer lover of the Pacific Northwest and New Mexico; it has larger spores and a much larger fruiting body (up to one meter across!). With Ganoderma there is still an ongoing scientific debate as to which species of Ganoderma have the most medicinal properties.

In contrast to Ganoderma lucidum, to which it is closely related and which it closely resembles, G. tsugae tends to grow on conifers, especially hemlocks. It also appears quite clear that Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract contains an abundance of antioxidants. A study from 1999 found Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract to possess "the strongest antioxidant activity of five species of Ganoderma tested," stronger than Vitamin E.

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Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract has also been tested for its antitumor properties with promising results. In particular lung cancer and breast cancer 816have responded favorably in scientific research. It was also shown in one study to help prevent cancer metastasis. Microscopic Features: Spores 9-11 x 6-8; more or less elliptical, sometimes with a truncated end; usually appearing roughened even at lower magnifications. In the case of extracting the polysaccharides in Ganoderma tsugae, a hot water extraction or tea can be very effective; however, to best extract the triterpenoids present in G. tsugae it is best to use an alcohol or alcohol/glycerin extraction method. The single study conducted on Hemlock Varnish Shelf extract to treat an autoimmune disease, conducted in 2001, concluded that it "improved the survival rate of lupus."

Flesh: Whitish; fairly soft when young, but soon tough. In the case of extracting the polysaccharides in Ganoderma tsugae, a hot water extraction or tea can be very effective; however, to best extract the triterpenoids present in G. tsugae it is best to use an alcohol or alcohol/glycerin extraction method. With Ganoderma there is still an ongoing scientific debate as to which species of Ganoderma have the most medicinal properties. This mushroom is closely related to Ganoderma lucidum and is virtually indistinguishable from that species. However, Ganoderma tsugae is partial to conifers--especially hemlock.